Automatic electrical balance.



in. 321,475. PATENTED'MAY 22, 1906.

W. DWORZYNSKI. AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL BALANCE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1. Y

PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

W. DWORZYNSKI. AUTUMATIO- ELECTRICAL BALANCE.

ABPLICATION FILED JULYll, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fig.2.

Fi g. 7.

No. 821,475 PATENTED MAY 22 1906.

I W. DWORZY-NSKI.

AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL BALANCE.

APPLIUATICN FILED JULY 11, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED sTA'rEs PATENT onrron,

WINCENTY DWVORZYNSKI, OF 'ARSAW, RUSSIA.

AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL BALANCE.

To all roll/mt it may concern:

Be it known that I, WINCENTY DWOR- .zYNsK'I, engineer, a subject of theEmperor of Russia, residing at 43 Krucza street, Warsaw, inRussia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in new or I1nprovedAutomatic Electrical Balances and I do hereby decl'are't'he following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of tire invention, such as willenable others skilled in tie art to which it appertains to make and usethe same. This invention relates to automatic electrical balances inwhich the sliding weight is so balanced by an electromotor tirat tliebeam playsbetween two stops which cause circuits to be closed whenthebeam comes in contact therewith. and revolution of the electromo torin one or other direction to' take place. In distinction from thebalances of this kind tion of the automatic balances. constructedaccording to said principle is shown in the annexed drawings as anexample.

Figure 1 IS an elevation of the improved 3 5 automatic balance, thefront wall being removed to more clearly show the interior parts. Fig. 2is an end view from the left of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on an enlarge'd scale and on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1, while Figs. '4 to 14 showdetails of ti .e device.

.For the sake-of greater clearness most of the electric wires are notshown in Fig. 1 and they are shown completely only in Fig. 7.

' Tile device shown in the drawings 1S.principally intended for weigiingrailway-wagons; but a similar arrangement can also be used with any oti.er balance if the weigi vt is transmitted to allornintal beam.

The whole device is mclcsed in a dismountable casing 1, resting on thestandards 2, which are themselves supported by t."e plate 3. The wholearrangement, togeti er with the plate 3, can-be displaced in 131.6undercut guic es 4 4 of tl' ,,.WOO(lGn base-plate 5, Fig. 2, by means ofthe adjusting-screw 6. Ti is screw issitua'ted in a corresponding recessSpecification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 11, 190.4. Serial No. 216,063.

hitherto known in which two contacts with,

Patented May 22, 1906.

in the lower surface of tile base plate in such a manner tiat it can beeasily rotated without altering its position; but wien so rotated itlaterally displaces the nut 7, which is ri idly connected to the lowersurface of the plate 3, Fig. 1. The base-plate 5 is carried by feet 8,which are provided with screwtlreads and thumbepieces, so that tiebalance can be brought into an absolutely-horizontal position.

The device arranged in ti e casing consists in .e present case of thefollowing ma n parts, viz: (a) the lever 9, provided with tie Weight 10,wixich is automatically displaceable on said lever by electrical means;(1)) tie transmission-lever 11., which is movably connected at itsright-hand end to tlxe end of the main lever 9, but projects at its otl.er end ti .rougi 1. an opening 12, Fig. 2, in the casing, were it isconnected to ti e beam or le :er of tie balance; (0) tire electromotor,arranged on the main lever, and t} .e wei .t displaceable by saidmotor;- (07-) tlie recording apparatus; (e) the source of electricalenergy, t. e wires,,relays, and t; e like.

The double-armed transmission-lever 11 bears, by means of theknife-edges 13, on the support 14, which is longitudinally displaceableon the rail 15. Below the knife-edges 13 the lever is provided withother upwardly-directed knife-edges 16, on which the lower surfaces ofthe clamps 17 bear, said clamps being arranged on the surface of thesupport so that the edges 13 and 16 are all in one straight line. .Inthis manner the lever 11 is connected to the support, but can movetherein with slight friction. The inner end of lever 11 is connected tothe lever 9 by two links 18 that is to say, by one link on each side.Each link 18 is provided at its ends with rings in which engageknife-edges on the levers 9 and 11, said edges bearing on the innersurfaces of -the rings.

The main lever 9, connected to the transmission-lever, is balanced onthe edges 19 on two holders or brackets 20, which are longitudinallydisplaceable with regard to the supports'21. The osition of the edge 19on the main lever is a justed by means of two nuts 22, Fig. 4, whichhold the sleeve 23 with the edges fast to the main lever on both sides.For this purpose the said main lever is provided for a certain distancewith screwthreads 24. This arrangement is shown on an enlarged scale inFig. 4. Th position of tlm'hOldOJS maybe accuratel adjusted in guides onthe standards 21 by the screw 25,

the longitudinal direction of the lever (bymeans of the nut 30, arrangedon it) to the .right or left, according to the direction in which saidrod 28 is rotated. The rod is connected tothe motor-shaft by an elasticcoupling G1, which, for instance, can be arranged as shown on ancnlarged'scale in Fig. 5-that is to say, in tlieiorm of a coiled springadapted to connect the ends of arniature-sl aft and rod 28, whichcontact with each other. As shown in Fig. 2, on the righthand end of themain lever a threaded rod 32 arranged, 011 which a weight 33 is adaptedto be displaced .iii any suitable manner, said weight serving tocompletelyoverbalance the lever.

The outward]y-projecting end 34 of the transmission-lever is connected,by means of asuitable connecting part provided with edges, (not shown,)to the beam of the loaded balance. Assuming that the load on the balance, which represents Q units of weight,

" which is tiansmitted to the po nt of the balance- 1am to which saidconnecting part is attached and which connects said beam with the end3433s in the proportion of and if the support 14 is arranged as, forinstance,

shown in the drawings that is to say, in the center of the distancebetween-34 and l8 0 I the load wi l also be transii'iitted to theright-hand end of the transmission-lever 11, and consequently also tothe right-hand end of the main lever in the same proportion b 1t is,however, evident that accordingto the dispiaceiiient of the support 14this proportion can be varied as desired by increasing .or reducing it.

The load on the end of the main lever is dethe distance to which theweight 10 is displaced from the point of support of the. lever, so as toproduce equilibrium. For dcteri'nining said distance a correspondingscale is arranged on the solid rod 9 ol the main lever. The weight is onthezero-point of said scale when the lever freed from load is incomplete equilibrium. hen the load on the balance bears on theright-ban.

to produce equilibrium the weight 10 must be displaced to the left. If.however, the weight has already been moved too far in the latterdirection, the left-hand end of the lever fails, and the position of theweight has again to be altered to obtain equilibrium by displacing saidweight to the right.

From the above description it will be'understood that when displacingthe weight by electrical means the mechanism must be arranged in such amanner that in the upper position of the left-hand end of the lever thewei lit is displaced to the left and, conversely, in tne lower positionto the right and is not moved at all as soon equilibrium is established. These movements can be obtained by electricity, as mentionedabove, in difl'erout ways. In the example shown in the drawings one ofthe simplest and most practical methods has been chosen-via, the use ofan electroniotor with direct currentover the armature and means forreversing the current on the armature, the shaft of which in is directconnection with the above-mentioned screwthreaded rod 28. Assis known,such a motor revolves in one direction or the other, according to theway in which the current enters or passes over the armature. iitherefore the arrangement is made that in the upper position of theleft-hand end of the lever Qthe motor-armature and with it the rod 28,are rotated in such a direction that the screwnut 30, and/with it theweight 10, are dis-- placed to the left and that, on the contrary, inthe lower position of the left-hand end o the lever the armaturerevolves in the opposite direction and displaces the weight 10 to theright and that in equilibrium the current ceases completely thenecessary condit ons are obtained. For these purposes the followingarrangements are provided: At the ex treme left-hand end of the lever 9,as shown in Fig. 1, the contact-plate 35 is'arranged and insulated fromsaid lever. This plate is connected, for instance, by a wire 36 to thepositive )ole of the souice of clectricity -for examp e, a battery. Thefreely-movable end of the wire from the plate to the wall of the casinghas no influence on the movement of the lever. In the upper position ofthe lever the contact-plate 35 makes contact with the contactdevcr 37,arranged on the wall of the cusing and through which the current passesto the relay :58 and thence back to the battery The relay 38 isdouble-acting and closes the circuit oi the battery referred to. tion ofthe current in this circuit passing twice through the relay 38 is shownin the diagram Fig. 7 by arrows having one tail. As shown in this diaraiii, the current after leaving the battery enters the magnet of theClBCiTUIL1 tor.) the wire for this purpose being shown Fig. 1 by 39,)thence to the terminal 2 of tl.i-.

.1 end of the lever 9, relay and into the armature 40 of the motor,

the left-hand end of said lever will rise, and l over which it passes ina determined direc- The direc- Saint tionfor instance, according to thediagram,

anticloclrwisethen fromthe armature to the terminal I of therelay 38,and back to the battery.- Vv'ith such a direction of the current 5 thearmature rotates in such a direction that the rod 28, revolving with thearmature, rapidly displaces the weight toward the lefthand end of thelever until equilibrium is established. At this moment the contact-plate is disengaged from the plate 37, so that the circuit is broken.In the event of a too rapid rotation ofthe motor it mayhappen that theweight is moved slightly too far to the left. In this case thecontact-plate 35 engages the lower contact-plate 41, which is alsoarranged an the wall of the casing, whereupon the current passes to theother relay 42 and closes the circuit to the battery. Relay 42 isconstructed exactly in the same way as relay38. It is therefore also adouble relay, and when closed the current flows, as indicated in Fig. 7,(in which the circuit is shown by arrows with double tails,) from thebattery through the same wire 39and in the same direction to the magnetsof the 'm'otor, from said magnets through terminal 3 to the relay 42,and then.

into the armature 40 of the motor, over which it passes, however,throughfthat brush from which th'efirst-described current starts when 0relay 38 is closed. It therefore flows over the armature in an oppositedirection to that first described-that is to say, according to thediagram, in a clockwise direction--and passes from the armature throughthe other brush to the contact 4 of the relay 42, and thence back to thebattery. The armature revolving in-the opposite direction causes theweight 10 to be returned toward the right, so that the contact-plate 35is removed from contact-plate 41 and the circuit is broken. During thissecond movement of the motor by means of the relay 42 the motor can notattain excessive speed, even when making a very large number ofrevolutions of the armatu e itself'for instance, over one thousandrevolutions per minute since during the first movement by the relay 38the weight was only moved a short distance too far, the cur-- renthaving beep interruptedat the moment of equilibrium. .T he excessivespeed of the motor can,however, be prevented in a simple manner by abrake arrangement for instance, by means of an arrangement asdiagrammatically shown in Fig. 8, in which the motor-shaft carries adisk 43, strongly keyed thereon, and onto which brake-blocks 45 arepressed by springs 44 at the moment the cir- (hit is broken, said blocksbeing arranged on one curl of the arms ofthe armaturcs 46 of theelectrolnagnots 47. .The other ends of said arms are attracted by theelectromagnets, and, as may be seen from said Fig. '8, the shaft canfreely rotate during'thc passage of the current through the magnets 47,butis .fhralred at the moment the circuit is broken,

The principal purpose of this invention being to reduce the timeoccupied in weighing, it is necessary to provide the machine with anautomatic printing or recording device. This must be arranged toauton'iatically indicate at eacliweighing operation the position towhich the weight has been brought for obtaining equilibrium. A suitabledevice for this purpose is shown in the annexed drawings, Figs. 1 and 3.In the upper part of the casing parallel to the main lever isia plate48, and on the latter is arranged a series of rollers 49, on which restsa metal ribbon or band 50. Part of this ribbon is shown on an enlargedscale in Fig. 9. The uppersurface thereof is provided with a similarscale as the main lever 8; but the ii "ures on the ribbon are in reliefand reverse to the figures to be obtained, so that they may be adaptedfor printing or impressing. .On the-edges of said ribbon are arrangedatboth sides comparatively wide. and rigid metal plates 51., which areprovided at their lowerends with slots 52, into which the transverse pin53 freely engages. The said pin is fixed onthenut 30 as shown in Fig.12, which shows theautomatic recording device on an enlarged scale. Whendisplacing the nut 30 in thelongitudi nal direction of the main lever,it carries the plates 5] with it and simultaneously the metal band 50,which is-thus caused to slide over the pulleys 49. Above thesupporting-plate 48'is a second support 54, parallel thereto and onWhich-is arranged a double solenoid with iron cores 55, connected toeach other by a 100 cross-barsupport 56. From the center of said rod 56depends a vertical pin,thelower end of which passes through acorresponding I opening in the support 54 in such manner that. itprojects over the surface of the metal band. 10 5 At the lower end ofsaid pin is a cylindrical block of india-rubber 57, which serves asprinting-stamp. The cores are prevented from unintentionally. enteringthe solenoids by the coil-spring 58. The figureson the 110 printing-bandare inked by the rollers 59, which revolve in suitable bearings in thesupport 54. Between the rubber stamp 57 and the metal ribbon papersheets are placed or a :paper band 60 is conducted in a transverse di- I15 rection, as shown in Fig. 3. These paper sheets or band have on thelower surface thereof a cross-line 51, as shown in Fig. 10, said lineindicating the lower surface of one section' or; division. of the band.As with the device del 20 scribed there is no space for the arrangementsof the units of the scale on the metal band and the scale on said bandis only intens, for indicating the units l have arranged .on both sidesof the (:rossdine (31. ten thin parallel 125 lines'liZ of a widthcorresponding to the divisions on the metal band. jVlien the balance isat rest, the zero-point of the scale is l on the metal band below thestamp 57-that' is to say,cxactly opposite the cross-line 6] on I30moving the paper band.

the paper band, which lies across the metal band, as shown in Fig. 3.

For weighing any load the nut 30 and simultaneously therewith the metalband 50 are displaced to the left, and at the moment of er uilibrium thecross-line 61 on the paper band just opposite that point of the scale onthe metal band which corresponds to the point on which the weight 10remained on the scale of the main lever. If at this moment-that is tosay, the moment of equililn'iumcu rent is caused to flow through thesolenoids, the latterimmediately attract their cores, so that the stamp57 presses the paper band firmly against the surface of the metal band.It by this means the impression shown in Fig. 10 is made, the said impression will indicate that the load weighs one hundred and three units,supposing each scale-division to represent ten kilograms. The exactweght within one-half kilogram can always be read off the scale, sinceit will be seen whether the division-line exactly coin-' cides with oneof the lines 62 or lies between two lines 62.

Currentmust flow through the solenoids at the moment at whichequilibrium exists, the main current being at this momentinterruptedkas' already mentioned. If suitable electromagnets areprovided, it is easy to arrange that the current switched off the maincircuit will pass through the solenoids and will not be finally cut offuntil the printing apparatus has been operated. In practice thisarrangement would, however, in some cases be. inconvenient -namely, incases in which automatic mechanism is not used for In such cases thescale attendant may through carelessness or the like omit to move thepaper band, so that a new im ression will be made at the same place as t1e previous impression, or if it has 7 been omitted to place a freshsheet or slip of paper in front of the stamp the latter will becomesoiled with ink. It is therefore, in view of the fact that the apparatusillustrated is not provided with means for automatically moving thepaper band preferable to close the circuit of the solenoids by means ofa special switch or contact-stud 63, Fig. 1, which cannot be operateduntil the current in the main circuit has been .intcwrupted. Thisarrangement is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 12, in which the.main current flows through the electromagnet 64, the armature of whichis connected to springs 65 in such a manner that when the said armatureis released by the magnet it closes a gap in the circuit controlled bythe switch (33. It may occur that through neakening of the brake.-spring 44, Fig. 2, or other causes the motorarmature will acquireconsiderable velocity, so that the lever will require a considerableamount of time in order to assume the position of equilibrium. Thiswould not only i crease the length of time re uircd for weighing, butwill also injure t 1e band, which would at the moment of equilibrium besubjected to the action of two opposite forcesnamely, to the action ofthe stamp, tending to hold the band in position, and to the action ofthe weight 10, F 1g. 1, which would owing to the rapid rotation of thearmature tend to move the band along. In order to prevent this, thestamp is only momentarily pressed against the hand. For this purpose thearrangement shown in Fig. 14 can be used instead of an ordinary stud.According to this arrangement a small plate is provided with standards71 and 72 and with a key 73, to which a linger 74 is fixed. To the upperend of the standard 71 a lever 75 is pivoted at 76, the said lever 75being normally held in position by means of an abutment-screw 77 and aspring 78. Screws 79 and 80 allow of adjusting the right-hand arm of thelever 75 in an upwardly or a downwardla -inclined position, as required.To the upper end of the standard 72 is pivoted a lever 81, which iscaused by a spring C2 to bear against a projection of the left hand armof the lever 75. \IVhcn the key 73 is in its normal position, in whichit is held by means of a spring 83 and an abutment 84, the lever 81abuts against the finger 74. The action of this device is as follows: \Vhen the load has been placed on the platform and till the moment atwhich equilibrium is attained, the key 73 is depressed, so that it makescontact at 85. As soon as the point of equilibrium is passed by thelever 9 current flows into the circuit, including theprinting-solcnoids, and passes in the direction of'the arrow through thestandard 7] the lovers 75 and 81, the standard 72, the key 73, the stud85, and the wire 88 to the negative terminal of the enerator. Thesolenoid-cores are momentarily attracted and an impression on the paperstrip is thus produced. At the same time the yoke 56, connecting thesolenoid-cores, abuts against the right-hand end of the lever 75, sothat the left-hand arm of the latter is lifted and re.- leases the lever81. The said lever 81 is thereupon pulled downward by the spring 82 andthe solenoid-cirmrit is thus broken. The solenoid-cores therefore ascendand the lever 75 returns to its normal position. When the key 73 isreleased and moved back into its normal position by the spring 83, thefinger 74 pushes the lever 81 upward and causes the latter to againengage behind the projection at the end of the lever 75. It is alsodesirable that means should be provided for switching off the maincurrent during the. intervals between working in order that accidentalmovements of the levers do not cause waste of electrical energv. F orthis purpose. the switch 66 is provide It w.ll be seen that the methodsavailable for converting electrical energy into KOO scale-pan mechanicalenergy for displacing the weight the end of said lever adapted toenergize said are practically unlimited and that the appli' cation ofthe various methods merely necessitates constructional modificationswhich it is easy for any expert to make. The selection of the electricmotor for displacing the weight and of the means for transmitting motionform the motor to the we ght and the arrangement of the conductors inthe appa ratus are therefore merely constructional deta ls and do notform part of the principle of the invent on. This principle consists inthe arrangement of two electric contacts in such a manner that they onlycome into contact when the sliding weight-lever is' deflected from theposition of equilibrium in any (l'rect'on upward or downward, thecurrent passing over each contact to a special c rcu t wh'ch is soconnected with the motor for displac ng the we ght on the lever thatwhen either c'rcu t is energized the Weight is moved in the directionopposite to that in which it is moved by the energizing of the otherc'reuit, the'd rection of" movement being always toward the elevated endof the leverthat is to say, that if the end of the lever on which theweight is situated is deflected upward the displacement is toward thatend, whereas if the said end is deflected downward the displacement isaway from that end. It is therefore obvious, first, that the apparatusdescribed and illustrated can itself be used as a balance it the load tobe we ghed is suspended from the projecting end 34 of the'lever 11 orplaced in a prov'ded for thatpurpose, and, secondly, that thedisplacement of the weight in the manner of the present invention can bedirectly used inconnection with the lever of any scale-beam withoutabsolutely necess'tating the use of the particular apparatus herenbeforedescr bed.

Having now part'cularly described and. ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is 1. In an automatic electric balance, the

, combnaton of a weigh-lever, contacts for cooperat on with a singlecontact, a slidin we ght and electric means mounted on sat we gh-leverfor automat'cally (lisplaong said weight, indiv'dual relays, a singlecontact at relays, and electrical connections, said relays beingdisposed for cooperation with'said electric means.

2. In an automatic electric balance, a

swinging lever, a weigh-lever, individual relays, a sliding weight, anelectric motor arranged on the weigh-lever, and adapted to adjust saidweight and controlled by the making contact by means of thefreelyswingin lever end, a single contact at the end of t 1e leveradapted to energize different relays, according towhether the levermo'ies upward or downward out of the position'of equilibrium, and the saidrelays being diliapted to close the motor-circuit in such a nfanner asto produce rotation in different directions and contacts for contact.

3. In an automatic electric balance, the,

combination of a lever 9, a sliding Weight 10, a double-armedtransmission-lever 11, a hnk connect. onbetween said levers, and anelectric motor mounted on said lever 9 and re+ lays disposed forcooperation with saidmotor and connections between said motor and weightfor automatically displacing said weight on said lever 9.

4. In an automaticelectric balance,- the combination of a weigh lever, amotor mounted thereon,relays,' a s n le oscillating contact carried bysa'd-weigh-Iever, and an automatic recording mechanism having amember'operatively connected to the sliding weight. 5. In an automaticelectric balance the combination of a weighlever, a motor le oscillatingmounted thereon, relays, a sin contact carried b said we ghever, and anautomatic recording mechanism havin a member operatively connected tothe sliding Weight, sa? d recordin' mechanism embodying a removable banand electrically-operated means mounted for cooperation with said band.a

In testimony whereof Iaflix s'ignatu'r in presence of two witnesses. IWINOENTY DWORZYN SKI.

Witnesses GYGMUNT PAUKoWsKI, STANISLAW Posxsczrsnr.

cooperation'with said single nov

